Limit CPU usage of Linux process

cpulimit is a small program written in C that allows to limit CPU usage by Linux process. Limit is specified in percentage so it’s possible to prevent high CPU load generated by scripts, programs or processes.

I found cpulimit pretty useful for the scripts running from cron, for example I can do overnight backups and be sure that compression of 50GB file via gzip won’t eat all CPU resources and all other system processes will have enough CPU time.

In most of Linux distributions cpulimit is available from binary repositories so you can install it using commands:

sudo apt-get install cpulimit

or

sudo yum install cpulimit

If it’s not possible in your distro then it’s extremely easy to compile it:

cd /usr/src/
wget --no-check-certificate https://codeload.github.com/opsengine/cpulimit/legacy.tar.gz/master -O cpulimit.tar
tar -xvf cpulimit.tar
cd opsengine-cpulimit-9df7758
make
ln -s cpulimit /usr/sbin/cpulimit

From that moment you can run commands limited by CPU percentage, e.g. below command executes gzip compression so that gzip process will never step over 10% of CPU limit:

/usr/sbin/cpulimit --limit=10 /bin/gzip vzdump-openvz-102-2012_06_26-19_01_11.tar

You can check actual CPU usage by gzip using commands:

ps axu | grep [g]zip

or

top

Btw, the first command contains ‘grep [g]zip’ to avoid the last line in common output:

root    896448  10.0  3.1 159524  3528 ?        S    13:12   0:00 /usr/sbin/cpulimit --limit=10 /bin/gzip vzdump-openvz-102-2012_06_26-19_01_11.tar
root       26490  0.0  0.0   6364   708 pts/0    S+   15:24   0:00 grep gzip

Using cpulimit you can also allocate CPU limit to already running processes, e.g. below command will allocate 20% CPU limit to process with PID 2342:

/usr/sbin/cpulimit -p 2342 -l 20

It’s possible to specify process by its executable file instead of PID:

/usr/sbin/cpulimit -P /usr/sbin/nginx -l 30